April 2025 Joint Letter Campaign

Civil Society and Farmers' Groups Urge Developing Country Parties to Reject Inequitable Amendment Proposals

April 1, 2025
Campaign Overview

146 organizations from around the world signed this joint letter expressing serious concerns over inequitable amendments proposed to the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture.

The letter was sent to developing country delegations participating in the 13th meeting of the Ad Hoc Open-Ended Working Group to Enhance the Functioning of the Multilateral System.

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146
Organizations Signed

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Inequitable Amendment Proposals to Plant Treaty Should Be Rejected

Civil society letter to the developing country Parties to the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture

STOP PLANT TREATY TAKING THEM ALL

Rome, 1 April 2025

Your Excellencies,

We, the undersigned civil society organizations, alongside farmers' groups, indigenous peoples, and local communities, write to express our deep concern over the ongoing negotiations of the Ad Hoc Open-Ended Working Group to Enhance the Functioning of the Multilateral System (MLS) under the Plant Treaty, particularly the Co-chairs' proposals to amend the International Treaty for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, and its Standard Material Transfer Agreement (SMTA) contained in document IT/OWG-EFMLS-13/25/4.1.

The Working Group's mandate was renewed at the 9th Governing Body meeting in 2022 (after being suspended in 2019 following eight unsuccessful years of negotiations). Instead of revamping the proposals to build a better MLS and consensus among Parties, the Working Group sought to begin the work from where it failed, i.e. a 2019 package of measures, and allowed the Co-chairs to make proposals based on the same. The 2019 package was already imbalanced and discriminatory against developing country interests and the current Co-chairs' proposals make it even more problematic.

Problematic Scope Expansion

The Co-chairs' proposals are seriously problematic as they fundamentally alter the Treaty's structure by expanding the scope of MLS to "all Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (PGRFA)", while reducing transparency and accountability. Some of the proposed elements actively facilitate biopiracy of PGRFA shared under the MLS.

Critical Issue: Unlimited Expansion

The proposed amendment to Annex 1 effectively removes limitations in the scope of the MLS, allowing any plant species to fall under the MLS, if a trait or gene from those species potentially benefits food crop or forage breeding. This could include non-edible plants like Teak or Chinese happy tree and rare endemic species.

Currently, only 35 food crops and 29 forages are listed in Annex 1. There are currently at least 350,000 known plant species, of which 30,000 are considered edible and 7,000 are cultivated. If the proposed amendments are adopted, any or all of these species could be considered as included in the MLS.

Benefit-Sharing Failures

Since MLS operations began, around 112,000 SMTAs have shared 6.7 million PGRFA with 25,300 users, yet only five seed companies have contributed to the Benefit-sharing Fund, collecting a total of $391,721, of which 91% has come from one firm. User-based income thus remains just 1.1% of the Benefit-sharing Fund, while 13 Parties, including two developing country Parties, fund around 95% of it.

Transparency Concerns

Transparency is absent, despite the mandate under Article 10.2., leaving national authorities, farmers, and civil society without access to information on how PGRFA and associated digital sequence information (DSI) are used and by whom. Instead of rectifying this, the amendments introduce three new confidentiality clauses in the SMTA.

Our Demands

We therefore urge developing country governments to:

  1. Reject inequitable Treaty amendments as proposed by the Co-Chairs in document IT/OWG-EFMLS-13/25/4.1. They exceed the Working Group's mandate and violate Treaty provisions.
  2. Demand predictable user payments via a single, enforceable payment model, such as a subscription system, without any other options.
  3. Establish an easy process for periodic expansion of crop lists in Annex 1, linked to corresponding increases in user payment rates.
  4. Ensure transparency and accountability in MLS operations through public disclosure of SMTA data.
  5. Protect farmers' rights and prevent biopiracy through proper safeguards and monitoring systems.

This campaign successfully mobilized 146 organizations worldwide to advocate for equitable treatment of developing countries in international seed governance negotiations.

Campaign Supporters (146 Organizations)

Note: This campaign was organized by Third World Network and signed by 146 organizations worldwide. The complete list of signatories was provided to developing country delegations participating in the 13th meeting of the Ad Hoc Open-Ended Working Group in April 2025.

By Region
Africa & Latin America: Majority of participating organizations, representing over 58% of plant genetic resources contribution to the global system
Asia: Significant participation including organizations from countries contributing 20% of global PGRFA
Global Networks: International civil society organizations and farmer advocacy groups
Organization Types
Farmers' Organizations
Indigenous Peoples Groups
Local Communities
Civil Society Organizations
Environmental Groups
Research Institutions

Campaign Impact & Timeline

April 1, 2025

Joint letter sent to developing country delegations with 146 organizational signatures

First Week of April 2025

13th meeting of the Ad Hoc Open-Ended Working Group concluded without discussing the proposed text amendments

July 7-11, 2025

Next meeting scheduled to take place in Peru where amendment proposals are expected to be discussed